After confirming correct intubation, 25 μL of spore suspension in saline was introduced through a catheter. We used C57BL/6N mice (male, 7 weeks) supplied by Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. The intratracheal intubation procedure was described in an earlier report. crescens and tissue section preparationĪll animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Nos. Furthermore, we found new adiaspore development procedures in vitro and compared associated morphological characteristics of the adiaspores to those of adiaspores formed in vivo. We examined the adiaspore morphology using optical and electron microscopy. crescens spores from 400 to 4 × 10 4 to assess their pathogenicity. We also used different inoculation numbers of E. For the present study, after we established an experimental mouse model of adiaspiromycosis via the intratracheal route, we examined adiaspore development in vivo. Adiaspore enlargement dynamics have been examined in mice using an intraperitoneal model, but those circumstances differ markedly from those in the lung. The models used neither an intranasal nor an intratracheal route. Experimental mouse models of adiaspiromycosis using intraperitoneal infection routes have been described in the literature. An inhalation model has been used with rabbits to analyze humoral immunological responses. A few infection models have been reported. However, the fungus forms adiaspores in mammalian hosts at around 37 ☌. Because no report of the literature has described a study of the disease course from spore acquisition to mature adiaspore formation in the lung, related details have remained unknown.Īt around 25 ☌, E. Studies have been done of wild animals captured with traps or found dead incidentally, then subsequently diagnosed as having adiaspiromycosis during necropsy. Reported human cases of adiaspiromycosis are few, with disease courses varying from mild to fatal. Although the prevalence of adiaspiromycosis in animals remains unknown, Borman reported adiaspiromycosis in 28.7% of free-living wild mammals from the southwestern UK. crescens adiaspores and adiaspiromycosis.Įmmonsia crescens ( Ajellomyces crescens), a dimorphic fungus found in soil worldwide, is known to be the causative agent of adiaspiromycosis, a pulmonary disease causing granulomatous lesions in humans and animals, especially in small mammals and rarely in large animals. These models are expected to be useful for additional investigations of E. Thick cell walls and dense granules were found as common points between in vitro adiaspores and in vivo adiaspores. Although most spores broke, some large spores were intact. Moreover, we developed adiaspores in vitro by culture in fetal bovine serum. We examined infection with a few spores, which revealed that adiaspores in the mouse lung progressed from intratracheal infection of at least 400 spores. The characteristic three-layer cell-wall structure of adiaspores was observed in the lung at 70 days post-infection. The median adiaspore diameter showed a plateau of around 40 μm. The spores grew and reached a plateau of growth at 70 days post-infection. After establishing an experimental mouse model of intratracheal adiaspiromycosis infection with the causative agent Emmonsia crescens, we observed adiaspore development. No report has described an investigation of adiaspore formation progress in the lung. Lesions of adiaspiromycosis, a respiratory disease affecting wild animals, have been found mainly in dead mammals and free-living mammals captured for surveillance. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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